Periodontal, or gum, disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place.  It usually arises because of poor brushing and flossing habits.  This can lead to a sticky film of bacteria called plaque, which builds up and hardens on teeth.  The hard buildup, called tartar, can only be removed by a dentist or dental hygienist.  If not treated, gum disease can spread to the bones around the gums.  It can make chewing painful.  Eventually, it can lead to loose or lost teeth.  People with gum disease often have swollen, red, or bleeding gums.  Other symptoms include persistent bad breath or sensitive teeth.  People who smoke are especially at risk for gum disease.  Other factors that raise your risk include hormone changes in girls and women, certain genes, and health conditions like diabetes and AIDS and their medications.  Treatment options range from non-surgical to surgical interventions.  It’s important to keep brushing and flossing every day.  Changing unhealthy habits and quitting smoking can be part of a treatment plan.  Some patients may be referred to a specialist called a periodontist.  These are doctors who can provide advanced treatment for gum disease.  To keep your teeth and gums healthy, use fluoride toothpaste and brush your teeth twice a day.  Floss regularly or use another dentist-recommended device to clean between teeth.  Be sure to visit your dentist regularly.  Learn more about gum disease.

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